CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
A general tumor marker often elevated in cancers of the colon, rectum, and other parts of the digestive tract. Also used to monitor treatment and recurrence.
CA19-9 (Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9):
Commonly used to detect pancreatic and biliary tract cancers, and may also rise in gastrointestinal cancers.
2.Lungs:
CYFRA (Cytokeratin 19 Fragment):
A marker often elevated in non-small cell lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma.
ProGRP (Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide):
A specific marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), helpful in both diagnosis and monitoring.
3.Pancreas:
Span-1:
A tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer. Often used in combination with other tests like CA19-9 for better accuracy.
Elastase (Pancreatic Elastase):
A digestive enzyme whose blood levels can rise in pancreatic disorders, including cancer.
4.Liver:
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein):
Commonly used to detect liver cancer (especially hepatocellular carcinoma) and to monitor patients with chronic liver disease.
PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II):
A highly specific marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, often used alongside AFP for better sensitivity.
Gender-Specific Tumor Markers
For Men:
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen):
A widely used marker to detect and monitor prostate cancer. High levels may also indicate benign prostate conditions.
For Women:
CA-125 (Cancer Antigen 125): Often elevated in ovarian cancer. Also may increase in other gynecologic or abdominal conditions.
NCC-ST-439: Also known as STn (Sialyl-Tn Antigen), used as a marker in breast and gynecologic cancers.
